As globalisation and interconnectedness continue to reshape the world, cities find themselves under increasing pressure to adapt to the demands of a 24/7 economy. Traditional operating hours no longer suffice, as businesses and consumers demand greater flexibility and accessibility in the services and amenities they depend on.

In response to the evolving demands of the global economy, the concept of the 24-hour city has gained significant attention in recent years. Cities across the world, such as New York, London and Tokyo, are striving to create vibrant and dynamic urban environments that can operate around the clock.

The economic and social benefits of a 24-hour economy are numerous and varied, including increased employment opportunities, optimum resource utilisation, greater consumer spending, improved competitiveness and higher quality of life.

Despite these benefits, Kathmandu has yet to fully embrace the potential of a 24-hour economy. The policymakers are caught up in a debate over whether to adopt a 24-hour capital city. However, it is time for Kathmandu to recognise the immense potential of a 24/7 economy and take action to unlock its benefits.

Firstly, the extension of business operating hours would result in a notable reduction in unemployment and foreign employment rates. As more businesses and services operate 24/7, there will be a demand for labour across various industries. This would provide flexibility in working shifts for workers, ultimately leading to a more sustainable and productive workforce.

Even the state would need to extend its security forces to maintain peace at night, creating job opportunities for citizens. Adopting a 24-hour economy can lead to an increase in both full-time and part-time employment opportunities.

According to the Economic Survey of the fiscal year 2021/22, the number of new and renewed labour permits for foreign employment reached 5,665,226. A substantial number of Nepalis who are compelled to seek employment overseas due to limited job prospects and a constrained job market in Nepal would benefit from many new job opportunities.

Secondly, the implementation of a late-night economy in Kathmandu can ensure the optimum utilisation of resources. Currently, Nepal has a 500 MW surplus power, which is projected to increase to 4,000 MW by connecting public and private hydro projects to the national grid within the next three to four years.

According to a recent annual report published by Nepal Electricity Authority, its Managing Director Kulman Ghising reported that 'Nepal has entered into the era of energy surplus during the wet season months.' Nonetheless, the surplus power is neither consumed in Nepal nor efficiently exported to potential buyers like India and Bangladesh. Adopting a 24-hour economy can be one of the best ways to utilise the surplus power during volatile energy market conditions.

Likewise, a well-developed infrastructure can generate more revenue when operated 24/7.Many IT companies provide technical solutions to foreign clients. A 24-hour company is likely to earn more revenue than a company working only during business hours in the day.

Thirdly, the concept of a 24-hour Kathmandu has the potential to reduce traffic congestion during peak hours by spreading out time when people travel and commute. Furthermore, extending the operational hours of governmental offices, such as the Department of Passport and the Department of Transport Management, where the public often experiences long queues, could help the Nepal government improve public service delivery.

Lastly, the incorporation of a 24-hour model in the capital city could pave the way for the development of nightlife tourism. By promoting the city's nightlife, Kathmandu can attract a growing market of young and adventurous travellers seeking unique and immersive experiences, and in turn, generate new revenue streams for local businesses and the economy as a whole.

For example, in the evening, Patan Durbar Square transforms into a mesmerising wonderland with its narrow streets and alleys illuminated by the warm glow of lights. The vibrant energy of the daytime is replaced by a sense of tranquility and calmness as locals and tourists soak in the sights and sounds of the city under the stars. By offering diverse and authentic nightlife experiences of various cultures and places, Kathmandu can provide visitors with a new and unforgettable experience of the valley that truly comes alive at night.

While the benefits of 24- hour establishments in Kathmandu are tremendous, policymakers and stakeholders must take into account various factors. To support a 24-hour city, there needs to be a more feasible and accessible infrastructure and transportation system. Moreover, public safety is a crucial factor to consider for any 24-hour place. This may involve implementing a robust law enforcement system, ensuring adequate lighting, and deploying effective surveillance measures to prevent crime and maintain safety on the streets.

A successful 24-hour city requires constant support and engagement from the local community. Through effective consultation and feedback mechanisms, one needs to address the demands and concerns of the residents. The regulatory and policy framework must support a 24-hour city, including nighttime policies, licensing and permitting processes, and other legal considerations.

By considering these factors, it is possible to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a 24-hour capital city and unleash the economic potentials that Kathmandu could offer during the night.

A version of this article appears in the print on March 3, 2023, of The Himalayan Times.v