Air pollution in Nepal, especially in the major cities like Kathmandu, prevails and many scientists have already revealed the poor air quality in the region. Lumbini is one of the most famous destinations for tourists and Buddhist followers as the birthplace of Lord Buddha and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lumbini was considered a typical rural area in the southern plains in Rupendehi district, Nepal located in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) near the Indian border. The IGP region is most populated and polluted as suggested by different previous scientific studies. However, before establishing the station for the research, it was believed that Lumbini would have less pollution and be considered as a rural site. Professor Shichang Kang from Chinese Academy of Sciences made a design to monitor atmospheric pollution across the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau in 2011. Then the monitoring on air and precipitation started at different sites in the Central Himalayas, Nepal. Professor Shichang Kang and his group have been active in generating pollution data through observation at different stations from South to North transect in Nepal and have found interesting results on different pollutants and their sources in the Nepal Himalayas. The research team found the sources and concentrations of cancer-causing harmful compound named polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lumbini. PAHs are of great concern because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and adverse effects on the human health. Therefore, understanding their concentrations is essential for improving the air quality and reducing human exposure from these toxic pollutants. Recently, the same team had studied the PAHs in the Kathmandu valley and found very high concentrations above the permissible limit of World Health Organization guidelines, and similar concentrations were observed in Lumbini. The researchers found that the average PAHs concentrations in the Lumbini were 94.8 µg/m3. This value is comparable or slightly lower than the highly urbanized cities in India and the heavily polluted Kathmandu valley. This research suggests that the air pollution in Lumbini is of serious health and environmental concern. The study showed the two major sources of PAHs were biomass burning and vehicle exhaust in Lumbini.