There can be no one-size-fits-all solutions; responses need to be adapted to the very diverse environments in which child labour still occurs. Every action – whether taken by a government or an individual – helps lay the foundation for a world in which children enjoy their childhood
Sixty-two million children in the Asia-Pacific region are in child labour. It is a simple sentence to write but far harder to comprehend.
Spend a moment to think just how big that number is – roughly every child aged under 14 in the Philippines, Viet Nam and Japan combined. Meanwhile, 28 million of them undertake hazardous work, risking their lives and health daily in sectors such as mining, agriculture and construction.
But behind the big numbers are individual children, each with hopes and dreams for the future. Children like Min who scavenges for scraps of jade but dreams of buying his own house; Shahid collecting waste plastic bottles but longing for an education; and Bhiti, toiling on a sewing machine but yearning to become a doctor.
Wherever child labour takes place, it has devastating consequences for a child's education, skills acquirement and future possibilities to overcome the vicious circle of poverty, incomplete education and bad jobs.
The persistence of child labour in today's world is unacceptable. As ILO Director-General Guy Ryder said recently, "There is no place for child labour in society.
It robs children of their future and keeps families in poverty."
The good news is that at a global level, over the last 20 years the overall number of children in child labour has been reduced by almost 100 million, bringing numbers down to 152 million worldwide today.
In Nepal, there has also been gradual progress. The Nepal Child Labour Report 2021, jointly released by the Central Bureau of Statistics and the International Labour Organisation in April this year, revealed that out of the seven million children aged between five and 17 in the country, 1.1 million, or 15.3 per cent, are engaged in child labour.
While still a high number, this represents a significant decline compared to 2008, when there were around 1.6 million child labourers in the country.
Although numbers have fallen, the COVID-19 pandemic threatens to reverse years of progress made.
With schools closed and the economic crisis, many children may see themselves pushed into child labour to support household income.
The United Nations has declared 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour.
New global estimates of child labour will be announced on June10to mark World Day Against Child Labour.
We sincerely wish to see a continuation of the downward trend, despite the ongoing impact of COVID-19.
The main purpose of this year is to foster policy responses and undertake initiatives to achieve Target 8.7 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. That is to "Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms".
At the global launch of the International Year in January 2021, UN agencies, governments from different continents, business and civil society organisations committed themselves to step up efforts during 2021 and to send a clear signal that the elimination of child labour is possible.
Under the slogan "Take action to end child labour", governments and other partners are committing to action pledges that pave the road towards 2025.
From past experience we know that in order to be successful, the root causes of child labour need to be addressed, clear decisions taken and budgets mobilised.
More coherent action is required, ensuring the availability of quality education, social protection for all, and decent work for parents.
Governments, business, civil society and other partners are encouraged to raise awareness on the importance of eradicating child labour and share good practices and lessons learnt – at the national, regional and global level.
A number of high-level events over the year will also provide governments, social partners and civil society with possibilities of engagement.
The work is supported by Alliance 8.7, a global partnership to end child labour, forced labour, human trafficking and modern slavery.
The Alliance is actively working with 22 "pathfinder countries", including Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Fiji in the Asia-Pacific region, and over 200 partner organisations to accelerate action, share knowledge and implement innovative solutions on the ground.
It is important to develop these solutions together with schools, families, local authorities and organisations while also listening to children's voices.
As a pathfinder country, Nepal has taken great strides to eliminate child labour.
Since holding its Pathfinder Country Strategic Workshop in February 2019, it has formed a Country Coordination Group and gathered government departments and regions, NGOs, UN agencies, trade unions, employers' organisations and survivor organizations to work together in eliminating child labour.
The country has pledged to align federal laws related to child labour with national laws and ensure coherence between child labour policies and education laws and to establish a coherent countrywide legal framework.
Nepal is also working to establish committees for child labour inspection at the provincial and local levels to complement workplace inspection systems, enhance monitoring capacity and establish local committees for child labour monitoring and rescue.
There can be no onesize-fits-all solutions; responses need to be adapted to the very diverse environments in which child labour still occurs.
Each and every action – whether taken by a government or an individual – helps lay the foundation for a world in which children enjoy their childhood.
I encourage you to join us and to take action now. Let's end child labour by 2025.
Asada-Miyakawa is International Labour Orgaisation's Assistant Director-General and Regional Director for Asia and the Pacific
A version of this article appears in the print on May 31, 2021, of The Himalayan Times.
