In today's world, where human rights are central to global justice, the Buddha's teachings, especially the Panchsheel (Five Precepts), offer essential ethical guidelines. These precepts, grounded in compassion, respect for life and non-violence, align closely with modern human rights principles. However, state and non-state actors often violate these values, resulting in significant human rights abuses, from political repression to systemic exploitation. The need to uphold universal ethical principles, like those in the Panchsheel, is more urgent than ever in addressing these violations.

The first precept is abstention from killing living beings, which affirms the right to life, a core human right. However, extrajudicial killings and state-sanctioned violence remain widespread, as seen in Nepal's civil war and the ongoing Middle East conflict. These violations of the sanctity of life highlight the urgent need for global compassion and a renewed commitment to respecting the right to life.

The second precept is abstention from stealing, which safeguards property rights, closely aligning with human rights laws like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Violations, such as forced displacement, land grabs and corruption within state mechanisms, are widespread. In Nepal, indigenous communities suffer land appropriation, often facilitated by bribery and corruption within the government. Similarly, multinational corporations exploit local resources, often bypassing legal frameworks through unethical practices. These violations emphasise the critical need for ethical conduct, transparency and respect for property rights.

The third one is abstention from sexual misconduct. This precept emphasises the protection of sexual autonomy and dignity. Despite progress, sexual violence remains pervasive, especially in conflict zones, where it is used as a weapon of war. Moreover, within state mechanisms and educational institutions, cases of sexual favours exchanged for power, positions, or opportunities continue to exploit vulnerable individuals. In these settings, sexual harassment and coercion often go unchecked, further undermining dignity and perpetuating abuse. The Panchsheel calls for ethical behaviour in all relationships, urging societies to combat exploitation, uphold individual dignity and create safe environments free from abuse.

The fourth precept is abstention from falsehood. Honesty and transparency are essential for building trust and resolving conflicts. In Nepal, politicians' broken promises and the failure to disclose post-conflict abuses have severely hindered reconciliation and healing. Additionally, misleading assurances and false promises made to the public by those in power contribute to widespread mistrust. Globally, misinformation and deceptive practices further destabilise societies, undermining faith in democratic institutions. The Panchsheel's call for truth is crucial not only for human rights and justice but also for restoring institutional trust and ensuring accountability at all levels of governance.

The fifth and last precept is abstention from intoxication. This precept is closely tied to the right to safety and mental clarity. Unchecked alcoholism, often fueled by state-driven revenue collection from liquor taxes, and widespread drug abuse, where illicit rackets are involved, contribute significantly to social instability, violence and crime. In many regions, the global war on drugs has led to human rights violations, including mass incarceration and the criminalisation of vulnerable populations. The Panchsheel calls for mindfulness and personal responsibility, advocating for a society where individuals are empowered to make clear, ethical choices, thus preventing harm and promoting overall well-being.

The Panchsheel precepts align closely with modern human rights frameworks. Both emphasise respect for the individual, non-violence, compassion and universal principles that transcend cultural and religious boundaries. In this sense, the Panchsheel serves as a spiritual complement to human rights, offering a moral compass for ethical living while promoting a more peaceful and just world.

However, as global conflicts, ranging from ethnic violence to protected wars, continue to devastate societies, the gap between human rights ideals and the harsh realities of governance widens. Both state and non-state actors often violate fundamental rights, whether through denying basic freedoms or brutally suppressing political dissent. Considering such widespread violations, the Panchsheel's call for ethical conduct, non-violence and respect for human dignity is not just relevant, but urgently needed.

The teachings of the Buddha, embodied in the Panchsheel, provide a profound ethical foundation for addressing the pressing issues of our time. Focusing on non-violence, respect for life and ethical conduct, the Panchsheel offers not only personal guidance but also a powerful pathway for societal transformation. When integrated with modern human rights principles, these teachings can help forge a world where dignity, respect and compassion are universally upheld.

As we face growing tensions, inequalities and human rights violations in an increasingly globalised world, the Panchsheel's universal values offer a means to bridge divides and cultivate a culture of peace and understanding. It is imperative that the United Nations, as the global body entrusted with safeguarding human rights, takes proactive steps to promote these principles at the international level. By championing the collective application of the Panchsheel's ethical guidelines, the UN can help create a world where human rights are not only recognised but deeply embedded in every action and decision, paving the way for a more harmonious and just future for all.