Reforming Nepal's universities: From challenges to opportunity
Nepal's students consistently demonstrate exceptional talent in mathematics, programming, and analytical thinking. This creates an opportunity to invest in computational and data-driven research
Published: 10:35 am Apr 01, 2026
The recent parliamentary elections in Nepal have delivered a renewed mandate for leadership after years of public frustration with governance. With a new government in place, citizens' expectations are high, and rightly so. Among the many pressing challenges, reforming university education must be a national priority. A strong university system is essential for building a skilled workforce, fostering innovation, and shaping the country's future. Speaking from my experience as a mechanical engineer trained at Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University (TU), I focus here on engineering and applied sciences, though many ideas apply broadly across disciplines. One of the most pressing problems in Nepal's universities, particularly at TU, is faculty recruitment. At TU, the process of becoming a permanent faculty member through the Service Commission is often delayed for years due to administrative and legal hurdles, leaving qualified candidates in prolonged uncertainty. Beyond delays, the recruitment structure itself deserves scrutiny. Requiring candidates to repeat subject-based written exams, after already completing rigorous degree programmes, adds little value to assessing academic potential. More critically, the broader environment of university governance is heavily influenced by political affiliations. Leadership roles such as deans and department heads often intersect with party politics, and political networks frequently sway academic appointments. While some politically active academics are competent, the system currently allows less qualified individuals to enter and remain due to connections rather than merit. Universities should therefore prioritise recruiting scholars, not just instructors. A transparent search-committee model, common in international universities, could replace the exam-heavy system. Applicants could first be screened based on clear academic criteria, such as possession of a PhD, record of publications in reputable journals, and clearly articulated research and teaching vision. Shortlisted candidates could then be invited for on-site presentations and interviews, where they discuss their research, demonstrate teaching ability, and outline how they plan to contribute to the university's long-term academic goals, including securing research funding. Moreover, appointments should not immediately grant permanent faculty status. A tenure-track system, with a five- to six-year evaluation period would encourage accountability and continuous growth. If PhD holders are scarce, strong master's graduates may be recruited initially, with standards gradually raised. The guiding principle must remain clear: hire individuals who will become researchers and innovators, not merely lecturers. Once capable faculty are recruited, the next step is building an academic environment that allows them to thrive. The reputation of a university rests on the quality and impact of its research. While experimental research is valuable, it is resource-intensive, posing challenges for a developing country like Nepal. Fortunately, Nepal's students consistently demonstrate exceptional talent in mathematics, programming, and analytical thinking. This creates an opportunity to invest in computational and data-driven research, where meaningful contributions can be made without costly experimental facilities. Developing computational research programmes can complement experimental work documented in global scientific literature. This does not necessarily require expensive proprietary software licenses. Researchers can build simulation models, improve numerical methods, and analyse existing datasets using open-source tools such as OpenFOAM for computational fluid dynamics, LAMMPS for molecular dynamics, and Python or GNU Octave for numerical computing. Open-source platforms also encourage deeper understanding of underlying models, leading to the development of locally designed solvers. To support such work, universities should prioritise high performance computing facilities and reliable research workstations. Compared to large experimental labs, this is a modest investment that can unlock productivity across many disciplines from engineering and physics to data science and biological modeling. Equally important is the system of hiring students as Teaching Assistants (TAs) or Research Assistants (RAs), which can reduce faculty teaching burdens while providing financial support to students. Faculty salaries must be competitive, as many professors currently teach at multiple institutions to supplement their income, leaving little time for research and mentorship. With financial security, faculty and students can fully focus on research and learning, making universities hubs of knowledge creation. Ultimately, strengthening universities in Nepal requires a broader vision that goes beyond hiring reforms and infrastructure development. The country must also confront the growing problem of brain drain. Many of them would gladly contribute to Nepal if our universities offered a vibrant intellectual environment and meaningful career prospects. At the same time, academic curricula must be regularly updated to keep pace with rapidly evolving fields of science, engineering, and technology. Universities should also actively collaborate with industry so that research can address real societal challenges while creating pathways for student employment. Reducing bureaucratic delays and granting institutions greater administrative autonomy would allow researchers and educators to work more efficiently and creatively. Most importantly, Nepal must cultivate a culture of research, mentorship, and academic integrity where curiosity, rigorous inquiry, and innovation are valued as much as classroom teaching. If these reforms are pursued with seriousness and long-term commitment, universities in Nepal can once again become centres of excellence that nurture talent, generate knowledge, and contribute directly to the nation's development. Bhatta, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Prairie View A&M University, USA