EDITORIAL: Lower blasting risk with proven hydrological engineering
Published: 09:35 am Sep 10, 2026
KATHMANDU In an unequivocal statement on state-led disaster risk reduction, Nepal's Minister for Energy, Water Resources, and Irrigation Biraj Bhakta Shrestha announced that the government is undertaking technical preparations to lower water levels in extremely high-risk glacial lakes. In collaboration with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority (NDRRMA), local governments, and international support from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), this effort aims to mitigate catastrophic Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). GLOFs pose an existential threat across Nepal's high-altitude river basins, where accelerating temperatures rapidly melt Himalayan ice and expand fragile debris-dammed lakes. When these natural dams fail, millions of cubic meters of water, mud, and debris surge down narrow valleys inflicting major damage. Beyond the immediate loss of life and physical infrastructure, GLOFs trigger long-term economic displacement, sever vital trade corridors, and destroy rural livelihoods, making fragile alpine populations vulnerable to climate-induced disasters. The intervention focuses on 21 vulnerable water bodies identified in comprehensive joint studies by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). They include four high-altitude lakes across the Koshi and Gandaki river basins that could burst anytime. While the minister's proactive approach to disaster preparedness reflects much-needed urgency amid accelerating Himalayan ice melt, the government's idea of controlled blasting as an engineering mechanism introduces a hazardous technical paradox. High-altitude glacial moraines are not solid bedrock structures but volatile collections of unconsolidated boulders, gravel, mud, and decaying permafrost ice cores. Introducing high-explosive shockwaves into such structurally fragile environments could trigger localised slope collapses, destabilising surrounding hanging glaciers. Rather than achieving controlled drainage, the explosive force could lead to an uncontainable downriver deluge, further devastating downstream hydropower infrastructure, alpine settlements, and local agricultural ecosystems. To safely navigate this high-stakes environmental dilemma, the government must abandon high-risk blasting techniques in favour of proven, non-invasive hydrological engineering methods. Prior adaptation projects in the High Himalayas, specifically the successfully executed water drawdown initiatives at Imja Tsho and Tsho Rolpa, demonstrate that controlled siphon piping, heavy-duty mechanical pumping, and the construction of reinforced open sluice channels offer the safest route for gradual drainage without compromising moraine integrity. Furthermore, any physical intervention must be preceded by rigorous subsurface geophysical profiling using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to accurately map internal ice cores and potential fault lines. These engineering maneuvers must also be integrated with automated early warning hydrometeorological sensors along river corridors to safeguard local populations during execution. Ultimately, while Minister Shrestha's commitment to climate action is commendable, engineering policy in the Third Pole must prioritise geomorphological precision over high-risk shortcuts.