Bogota, August 31 An historic ceasefire came into effect in Colombia yesterday, ending a 52-year war between FARC rebels and the government and taking a major step towards ending a conflict that has claimed more than 250,000 lives. The full ceasefire ordered by President Juan Manuel Santos and the head of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Timoleon Jimenez, began at midnight (0500 GMT). “This August 29 a new phase of history begins for Colombia. We silenced the guns. THE WAR WITH THE FARC IS OVER!” Santos wrote on Twitter one minute later. A message from the official FARC account at the same time was more restrained: “From this moment on the bilateral and definitive ceasefire begins.” The government’s chief peace negotiator, Humberto de la Calle, grew visibly emotional at a press conference describing how church bells and sirens had rung out in some of the areas hardest hit by the conflict.It was a war against the civilian population, 80 per cent of those who died were civilians,” he said. Sergio Jaramillo, the country’s high commissioner for peace, added: “A lot of human lives are going to be saved with this giant step we are taking today.” “The morning of peace has dawned,” tweeted the FARC’s chief negotiator, Ivan Marquez. The ceasefire is the first in which both sides are committed to a definite end to the fighting. “The ceasefire is really one more seal on the end of the conflict,” said Carlos Alfonso Velazquez, a security expert at the University of La Sabana. The conflict began in 1964 with the launch of the FARC, a Marxist guerrilla group born out of a peasant uprising. It has left 260,000 dead, 45,000 missing and 6.9 million uprooted from their homes. To end the war with the FARC for good, Colombians must now vote in an October 2 referendum on the peace accord hammered out in nearly four years of talks in Cuba. Santos said the exact question that will be put to voters in the referendum would be announced “in the coming days”. “We are on the verge of perhaps the most important political decision of our lives,” he said in a speech on Saturday. Colombia’s Congress yesterday approved the plan to call a referendum.Opinion polls show Colombians are divided ahead of the vote.Santos’s top rival, former president Alvaro Uribe, is leading a campaign to vote “no” to the peace deal. “This is not an agreement: this is the state submitting to the proposals of the narco-terrorist group FARC,” Uribe said at a university forum. He has said a special justice system envisaged for crimes committed during the conflict would give FARC fighters impunity. Opponents question the FARC’s commitment to peace. “I don’t think we can believe them,” said Felipe Giraldo, a 25-year-old unemployed man in Bogota. Others have a high personal stake in the vote. Adelaida Bermudez, 50, hopes it will bring home her daughter, who joined the FARC nine years ago. “I hope we’ll have peace... so the children come home,” she said in Gaitania, in the central region where the FARC was born. Santos and Jimenez are due to sign the peace agreement sometime between September 20 and 30 -- possibly at the United Nations General Assembly in New York, said Foreign Minister Maria Angela Holguin. The end of hostilities will be followed by a six-month demobilisation process. Starting Monday, the FARC’s estimated 7,500 fighters are to go to collection points to surrender their weapons under UN supervision. Guerrillas who refuse to demobilise and disarm “will be pursued with all the strength of the state forces,” Santos told El Espectador newspaper. Before the demobilization, the FARC will convene its leaders and troops one last time before transforming into “a legal political movement,” according to a statement published on Saturday.