The third major problem is corruption. Corruption is a  mentality related to the behavioral part of human beings. It is made  possible with the help of two kinds of people. They are politicians and  bureaucrats

Nepal is a landlocked country situated between big Asian countries India and China. Our economy is basically agro-based, has suffered from earthquakes of eight months ago and is deteriorating. The political crisis is severe. Cultural diversities are high. Everyone needs development but we are unable to manage these components in an effective manner. As a result, Nepal is under the present crisis. Therefore, we have to concentrate on managing economic, political and cultural diversity.

Politics is the root part of the system of the country through which system of good governance can be developed. Representatives of people are elected to govern the country and develop a constitution or amend the rules and clauses of constitution. They are acting as a facilitator between the people and government. To play their role effectively, they have to assess the needs of people and country as a whole. The major political problems of the country are: first, to amend certain clauses of the Constitution regarding equal rights to govern the country through participating reciprocally in each and every sector and activities for total management of the country should be undertaken for the purpose of good governance by effective planning, implementation and control of budgets and administration of our country.

The second problem is restructuring of the country according to the needs of the people and the country. Our country has three basic regions from the point of view of geography and environment. They are the Himalayan region, the mountain region and the Tarai region. These distinct regions have their separate strengths and needs which are to be considered for restructuring purposes. The Himalayan region has certain features and needs of the people. Herbs, agricultural products like potato, apple, dairy products, livestock for the purpose of meat, have great potentials in this region. The Mid-region (mountains) has moderate climate. This part can be effectively used for residence purposes, for growing orange and other fruits and also to conserve forest, wild animals and soil erosion. Finally, the Terai-Madhesh is the territory where the climate is warm, not suitable for residence but most suitable for growing at least three types of grains within a year through which we can solve the need of food of the people of our country.

The third major problem is corruption. Corruption is a mentality related to the behavioral part of human beings. It is made possible with the help of two kinds of people. They are politicians and bureaucrats. In most of the cases of corruption the involvement of political leaders is found and facilitated by the bureaucrats of the concerned sector. There is a need to control it through strict rules and mechanism. Controlling part of governance is felt very weak because of political interference. Political interference also affects the judicial mechanism and its implementation part.

Soil conservation is a big problem. The forest of Chure Bhawar is mostly destroyed. The forest of mountain (Mahabharata range) is also nearly destroyed. As a result, soil erosion takes place and during the rainy season concrete mixed sand is stored on farming land. There are many small rivers originated from Chure and Mahabharat range and most of the rivers are filled by soil erosion. Irrigation is the regular need of farming to produce agricultural products like grain, fruits, fish etc. Appropriate planning of the agriculture sector is found wanting. As we know there are three types of climate and territories in our country.

Diversities, however, are our assets. All kinds of diversities have certain merits or strengths but we are unable to utilize those strengths for the betterment of the country. As we know, culture creates demand, demand creates production, and production creates employment. Diversity is helpful to develop alternatives for selection of human resources in a specialized manner. All castes and tribes are important to build the nation. Each and every diversity is contributing in terms of tax, physical and mental energy and taken as the beauty of the nation. The requirement is how to accommodate, utilize and maintain these strengths and potentials for the sake of development of the nation. Till these issues are not addressed, the solution of the problems cannot be obtained. The Total Management of the country should be based on fully utilizing the potentials of Himal, Mountain and the Terai regions so that development budgets can be developed in unique ways and their implementation becomes easy to address the needs of the people of various regions.

Agricultural development plan should be developed on the basis of preference. The first preference should be given to the Tarai region so that food grains can be made available sufficiently to the people of our country within a year.

The forests of Chure and Mahabharat range should be conserved and developed. Rivers should be interconnected so that irrigation can be provided timely. Cultural diversity should be maintained, recognized and used for recruitment and selection of appropriate manpower needs of different sectors of the country. Corruption control mechanism should be developed and strictly implemented.

Dr. Thakur is Associate Professor, Central Department of Management, T. U