Kathmandu, May 1

The recent decision by Nepal’s Supreme Court to reject a petition by the government asking that it review its 2015 ruling against amnesties for grave conflict-era crimes is an important step in securing truth, justice, and reparations for thousands of victims of the country’s decade-long conflict, said Amnesty International, TRIAL International, the International Commission of Jurists and Human Rights Watch today.

The armed conflict between Maoist and government forces ended in 2006, but victims of serious abuses by both sides are still awaiting justice, accountability, and reparations.

The four organisations called upon the government to revise the 2014 Transitional Justice Act and ensure its implementation in accordance with the Supreme Court’s judgments to assure access to justice for the victims of conflict-era abuses.

Nepal’s transitional justice law, which was passed by the Parliament in April 2014, established Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons.

However, it contained provisions that could allow for amnesties even for crimes such as torture, including rape and other sexual violence and ill-treatment and enforced disappearance.

On 26 February 2015, the SC struck down the amnesty provisions and ordered the act to be amended accordingly. However, the government immediately petitioned to overturn the ruling.

The petition was rejected by the apex court on April 27.

“With the SC’s decision, there can be no further excuse for government backsliding on ensuring truth, justice, reparations, and guarantees of non-recurrence. The government should immediately amend the Enforced Disappearances Enquiry, Truth and Reconciliation Commission Act-2014, in line with the Supreme Court’s orders and its own international obligations,” said Biraj Patnaik, South Asia director at Amnesty International, in a joint press statement.

With its latest ruling, the Supreme Court has upheld the principle that there can be no amnesties for those suspected of criminal responsibility for crimes under international law and human rights violations.

More than 13 years since the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of November 2006 promised justice to the victims, no one has been held accountable for any conflict-era crimes.

“The request filed by the Nepal government to review the decision of the Supreme Court was another attempt to evade the real issue — accountability for mass human rights violations. We are delighted that the Supreme Court held its ground and reaffirmed the importance of fair and efficient transitional justice mechanisms,” said Cristina Cariello, head of Nepal Programme at TRIAL International.

“Over the past decade, the Supreme Court of Nepal has produced some of the most human rights compliant jurisprudence in South Asia. This petition cynically sought to have the court undermine its own judgement so that the government could sidestep its responsibility to provide accountability for conflict-related human rights violations,” said Frederick Rawski, ICJ Asia Pacific director. “The government has no excuse for not immediately amending the transitional justice legal framework so that it is consistent with the court’s jurisprudence and Nepal’s international legal obligations.”

An effective transitional justice system requires strong legal foundations consistent with international law and standards, and the political will to address the demands of victims of the conflict, the organisations said.

“When Nepal stood for election to the United Nations Human Rights Council, the government promised to uphold its human rights obligations, but three years later, as it seeks re-election, there has been nothing but impunity and evasion on transitional justice,” said Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “These are crimes under international law, subject to universal jurisdiction, and if justice is denied at home, victims may take their cases abroad.”

A version of this article appears in e-paper on May 2, 2020, of The Himalayan Times.