KATHMANDU, DECEMBER 15

A new report published by the Open Nepal Initiative (ONI) has revealed a growing epidemic of online violence targeting female politicians in Nepal, highlighting how this pervasive issue undermines democratic participation and silences critical voices in public discourse.

The findings, based on monitoring 12 prominent female politicians' social media accounts for three months (August–October 2024), have revealed alarming patterns and highlighted the urgent need for action to create safer digital spaces.

According to the report, there are increasing instances of online violence. The report documented a concerning upward trend in online violence against women in politics. In August 2024: 24 incidents, 67% of which involved 'insult and hate speech.' In September 2024: 35 incidents, with 74.3% classified as 'insult and hate speech,' including physical threats and sexualised distortions. In October 2024, there were a record 44 incidents, with 'Insult and Hate Speech' (70.5%) continuing to lead.

These attacks not only target women's political positions but also degrade them based on their gender in an attempt to undermine their credibility and silence their voices, according to the report.

The report also reads that 'X' (formerly known as Twitter) emerged as the primary platform for online abuse, accounting for most incidents during all three months. The anonymity and reach of social media have enabled perpetrators to launch coordinated attacks, spreading disinformation and gendered hate speech against female politicians.

The most targeted politicians include Toshima Karki (Rashtriya Swatantra Party): A former State Health Minister, Karki, faced the highest volume of abuse for advocating disaster preparedness and addressing corruption allegations. She encountered 23 incidents in October alone. Sumana Shrestha (Rashtriya Swatantra Party): Known for her anti-corruption stance, Shrestha faced sustained online harassment, particularly for defending her party leader against fraud allegations.

Arzu Rana Deuba (Nepali Congress): As Foreign Affairs Minister, Deuba became the target of misogynistic comments and false corruption allegations, with users associating her with scandals despite her diplomatic achievements.

'These cases highlight how female politicians, regardless of their political affiliations or contributions, are disproportionately targeted with abuse and disinformation,' reads the report.

The report has recommended for Change To combat this rising threat, ONI proposes the following actions: strengthen cyber laws, public awareness campaigns, support mechanisms, and social media accountability.

The findings of this report highlight a crisis in the digital age, in which online platforms designed to promote dialogue have become tools for silencing women. As Nepal strives to strengthen its democracy, protecting women's political voices must be a top priority.

'Online violence against women in politics threatens not only their personal well-being but also the democratic principles of equity and representation,' said Deepak Adhikari, lead researcher of the report. 'We call on governments, social media companies, and civil society to join forces in creating safe, inclusive digital spaces where women can lead without fear.'