October 10, 2024, as the world commemorates International Mental Health Day, Nepal continues to grapple with the challenges of mental health awareness. Despite recent strides in mental health advocacy, mental health remains a largely overlooked issue in the country, with significant gaps in awareness, access to care, and emotional regulation.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), rising Mental Health Concerns and mental health disorders in Nepal are on the rise, affecting a wide cross-section of the population, from children to the elderly. Depression and anxiety disorders are prevalent, exacerbated by the social and economic challenges faced by many Nepalese. The aftershocks of past natural disasters, such as the 2015 earthquake, coupled with the socio-political instability and economic hardships, have further intensified the mental health burden.
A 2022 survey conducted by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) revealed that 18% of the population struggles with some form of mental health issue. Despite this, the country has only about 0.36 psychiatrists and 0.18 psychologists per 100,000 people, highlighting the dire shortage of mental health professionals.
The stigma surrounding mental health remains a significant barrier to seeking help in Nepal. Mental health issues are often viewed as weaknesses or spiritual afflictions, leading many to suffer in silence. A lack of understanding about mental health disorders, combined with cultural and religious beliefs, fosters discrimination and neglect.
In rural areas, especially, mental health is shrouded in misconceptions. People with mental health conditions are often labeled as "mad" or possessed by spirits. This deep-rooted stigma discourages individuals from speaking openly about their struggles or seeking medical help. As a result, many cases go untreated, leading to more severe outcomes, including suicide. The Ministry of Health and Population reports that suicide is now one of the leading causes of death among young Nepalese.
Another critical issue is the lack of emotional literacy- the ability to identify, understand, and manage one's emotions. Emotional regulation, an essential component of mental well-being, is often neglected in discussions of mental health in Nepal. Children and adolescents, in particular, face challenges in managing stress, anxiety, and other emotional issues due to a lack of guidance on healthy emotional expression.
Educational institutions in Nepal have begun recognizing the need for mental health education, but progress is slow. Emotional regulation programs are scarce, and many schools still prioritize academic achievements over mental health and emotional development. There are a few initiatives, such as workshops on mindfulness and emotional intelligence, that are slowly gaining momentum in urban centers, but these efforts have yet to reach a majority of Nepal's population.
To combat these issues, several organizations are advocating for greater mental health awareness and care. Non-governmental organizations like TPO Nepal, Koshish, and the Centre for Mental Health and Counselling (CMC Nepal) are working tirelessly to provide support to individuals suffering from mental health disorders. These organizations offer counseling services, conduct awareness programs, and train healthcare professionals in rural and urban areas alike.
Furthermore, Nepal's National Mental Health Policy, revised in 2020, emphasizes integrating mental health services into primary healthcare. This policy aims to provide accessible mental health care, reduce stigma, and promote emotional well-being. However, challenges such as limited resources and infrastructure continue to hinder full implementation.
Addressing the mental health crisis in Nepal requires a concerted effort from all sectors of society. Increased funding for mental health services, widespread awareness campaigns, and incorporating emotional literacy into school curriculums are crucial steps to bridging the gap. Importantly, the destigmatization of mental health issues must be prioritized to create a more supportive and understanding environment for those in need.
As we mark International Mental Health Day, the theme of "Mental Health is a Universal Human Right" resonates deeply with Nepal's ongoing challenges. By continuing to raise awareness and foster a culture of emotional intelligence and regulation, Nepal can take vital steps toward building a mentally healthier future for all its citizens.
Limbu studied Master's Program in Counseling Psychology at Tribhuvan University
