Miami, August 10

A coalition of US groups representing more than 10 million scientists and engineers published 20 questions today they want every US presidential candidate to answer ahead of November’s vote.

The questions range from how to support vaccine science, to defining the scope of America’s goals in space, to the candidates’ views on climate change and what they would do about it.

Stances on nuclear power, protecting the world’s oceans, reducing the human and economic costs of mental illness, and the controversy over visa programmes that allow highly skilled

immigrants into the United States also feature in the list, made public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. “Voters should have a chance to know where the presidential candidates stand,” said Rush Holt, chief executive officer of AAAS, which publishes the journal Science.

“We want journalists and voters to ask these questions insistently of the candidates and their campaign staff.”

The full list is available at ScienceDebate.org/20qs. The 56 groups that helped create the list by crowd sourcing the questions has asked for the candidates to answer the questions by September 6.

All are described by AAAS as non-partisan groups, including the National Academy of Sciences, the American

Geophysical Union, the American Chemical Society and the Union of Concerned Scientists.

The effort was organised by ScienceDebate.org, which commissioned a national poll last that found 87 per cent of Americans said it was important that candidates for president and Congress have a basic understanding of the science informing public policy issues.

“Taken collectively, these 20 issues have at least as profound an impact on voters’ lives as those more frequently covered by journalists, including candidates’ views on economic policy, foreign policy, and faith and values,” said ScienceDebate.org chair Shawn Otto.

Otto urged the candidates Democrat Hillary Clinton, Republican Donald Trump, Libertarian Gary Johnson, and the Green Party’s Jill Stein to answer the questions “in writing and to discuss them on television.”