KATHMANDU, JUNE 15
Nepal has made significant progress on fiscal federalism, but more needs to be done to strengthen the regulatory framework, institutional setup, human resource capacity, and public financial management (PFM) systems at the provincial and local levels, says the World Bank in its first annual Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update launched today.
"The report highlights the need to develop a fiscal federalism roadmap that encompasses a clear set of actions, sequence, timeline, and responsible actors to improve fiscal federalism outcomes in Nepal," said Balananda Paudel, chairperson of National Natural Resource and Fiscal Commission.
While provincial and local governments received nearly 36.7 per cent of the federal money through intergovernmental fiscal transfers - which amounted to 64.8 per cent of their revenue in fiscal year 2020-21 - in the past five years the largest and proportionally growing fund transfers to sub-national governments have been through conditional grants. These are heavily earmarked, thus the share of conditional grants needs to be gradually lowered and other grants, including equalisation grants, be increased following the expenditure capacity of the provincial and local government increases, according to the report.
"This report prepared by the World Bank team provides a comprehensive review of the progress of fiscal federalism in Nepal. The proportion of conditional grant seems to be high in the early years of federalisation due to transfer of projects to provincial and local governments being operationalised by federal government in the past and contributing the salary and allowances of teachers and health staffs deputed in the local governments and it will be gradually improved as situation changes. The recommendations are well aligned with our national development plan and further support our ongoing efforts to advance on fiscal federalism," stated Ram Prasad Ghimire, revenue secretary, Ministry of Finance.
The Nepal Fiscal Federalism Update identifies key reforms to help Nepal improve fiscal federalism outcomes. It recommends developing a fiscal federalism roadmap to guide and monitor the reforms in this area, reinforcing the Inter-Governmental Fiscal Transfer system, and establishing a consolidated PFM performance database at the sub-national level. It also recommends amending the legal framework to clarify the concurrent and shared responsibilities among the three tiers of government, strengthening the capacity of provincial and local government staff to carry out PFM-related functions, and reinforcing systems to improve the budget credibility and delivery of services by sub-national governments.
"Fiscal federalism is a foundation for sustained service delivery by provincial and local governments. To this, they need adequate financial resources and the ability to make spending decisions at the sub-national level, in the spirit of federalism," said Faris Hadad-Zervos, World Bank country director for Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
"The World Bank is committed to support the government of Nepal, in close collaboration with other development partners, to further solidify fiscal federalism in Nepal."
A version of this article appears in the print on June 16, 2023, of The Himalayan Times.
